1) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.

2) Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) allow individuals to perform banking transactions, such as withdrawing cash, outside of traditional bank branches.

3) Mountains are important water sources, as they capture and store precipitation, feeding rivers and supporting ecosystems downstream.

4) The Galapagos Islands, located in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Ecuador, are renowned for their unique and diverse wildlife, including the Galapagos tortoise, marine iguanas, and Darwin's finches. They played a pivotal role in Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.